| ▴ Proto-Turkic | ▴ Altaic etymology | ▴ Meaning | ▴ Russian meaning | ▴ Old Turkic | ▴ Karakhanid | ▴ Turkish | ▴ Tatar | ▴ Middle Turkic | ▴ Uzbek | ▴ Uighur | ▴ Sary-Yughur | ▴ Azerbaidzhan | ▴ Turkmen | ▴ Khakassian | ▴ Shor | ▴ Oyrat | ▴ Halaj | ▴ Chuvash | ▴ Yakut | ▴ Dolgan | ▴ Tuva | ▴ Tofalar | ▴ Kirghiz | ▴ Kazakh | ▴ Noghai | ▴ Bashkir | ▴ Balkar | ▴ Gagauz | ▴ Karaim | ▴ Karakalpak | ▴ Salar | ▴ Kumyk | ▴ Comments |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"*e:l/u"- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to cover 2 (door) curtain > door | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ïîêðûâàòü 2 (äâåðíîé) çàíàâåñ > äâåðü |
| face="Times New Roman Star"es?u"- 1, es?ik / es?u"k 2 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"es?ik 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"is?i>k 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"is?ik 2 (AH, IM), is?u"k (IM), es?ik 2 (Abush., Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"es?ik 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"es?ik 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"i:s?ik 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"i:zi>k, i>zi>k 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ez?ik 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ez?ik 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"e:^.s?u"k 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"algú, alúk 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ez?ik 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"es?ik 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"esik 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"is?i>k 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"es?ik 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"jes?ik 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"es?ik 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"esik 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"es?ik 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 256, 260, TMN 2, 183-184, Åãîðîâ 24, ÝÑÒß 1, 396-398, Ëåêñèêà 511-512, 517. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*o":r/ | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"inside, the essential part | face="Times New Roman Star"ñåðåäèíà, âíóòðåííîñòü, ñóùíîñòü | face="Times New Roman Star"o"z (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"o"z (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"o"z | face="Times New Roman Star"u"z | face="Times New Roman Star"o"z (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"o.z | face="Times New Roman Star"o"z | face="Times New Roman Star"u"z | face="Times New Roman Star"o"z | face="Times New Roman Star"o":z 'self' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"u"s | face="Times New Roman Star"e:^.z | face="Times New Roman Star"var | face="Times New Roman Star"u"o"s | face="Times New Roman Star"u"o"s |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"o"z | face="Times New Roman Star"o"z | face="Times New Roman Star"o"z | face="Times New Roman Star"u"d| |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jo"z | face="Times New Roman Star"o"z | face="Times New Roman Star"o"z |
| face="Times New Roman Star"o"z | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 278, VEWT 376-7, ÝÑÒß 1, 506-512, Ëåêñèêà 90, 117, Stachowski 252. The word and its derivatives have a wide scope of meanings: 'middle' > 'heartwood, central crossbeam, pole' (*o":r/ek). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*KAr(a)gu | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"reed | face="Times New Roman Star"òðîñòíèê |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qarg|u (AH) | face="Times New Roman Star"karg|y |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qarg|u (AH), g|arqu (Áîð. Áàä.), g|araw (Pav. C., Abush.) | face="Times New Roman Star"g|o|ro|w |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"Garg|y | face="Times New Roman Star"GarGy |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"Garg|o | face="Times New Roman Star"xorg|ux 'îñîò ïîëåâîé, ìîëî÷àé' ( < *Korgag|u with secondary -x; Àøì. XVI, 194: xur xuxi, xur xuxxi, xor xúvúx) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 306. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ge:kir- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to belch | face="Times New Roman Star"ðûãàòü |
| face="Times New Roman Star"kekir- (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"gejir- | face="Times New Roman Star"kiker- | face="Times New Roman Star"gegir- (Pav. C.), kekir- (MA) | face="Times New Roman Star"kekir- | face="Times New Roman Star"keki(r)- | face="Times New Roman Star"kekirt- (ßÆÓ) | face="Times New Roman Star"ga"jir- | face="Times New Roman Star"ga":gir- | face="Times New Roman Star"kig@r- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"kegir- | face="Times New Roman Star"ga":gu"r- | face="Times New Roman Star"kagúr- | face="Times New Roman Star"kegert- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"keg|ir- | face="Times New Roman Star"keg|ir- | face="Times New Roman Star"kekir- | face="Times New Roman Star"kekir- | face="Times New Roman Star"kekir- | face="Times New Roman Star"kiker- | face="Times New Roman Star"kekir- | face="Times New Roman Star"gi:r- | face="Times New Roman Star"kekir- | face="Times New Roman Star"kekir- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"kekir- | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 248, EDT 712, ÝÑÒß 3, 37, Ëåêñèêà 232. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyly:c? | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"sword | face="Times New Roman Star"ìå÷ | face="Times New Roman Star"qylyc? (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qylyc? (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"kylyc?, kylyz?| | face="Times New Roman Star"qylyc? | face="Times New Roman Star"qylyc? (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qilic? | face="Times New Roman Star"qilic? | face="Times New Roman Star"qylys? | face="Times New Roman Star"Gylyz?| | face="Times New Roman Star"Gylyc? | face="Times New Roman Star"xylys | face="Times New Roman Star"qylys? | face="Times New Roman Star"qylyc? | face="Times New Roman Star"Gyli:c? | face="Times New Roman Star"x@s/ | face="Times New Roman Star"kylys, kyly:s |
| face="Times New Roman Star"xylys? |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qylyc? | face="Times New Roman Star"qylys? | face="Times New Roman Star"qylys? | face="Times New Roman Star"qylys | face="Times New Roman Star"qylyc? | face="Times New Roman Star"qylyc? | face="Times New Roman Star"qylyc? | face="Times New Roman Star"qylys? |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qylyc? | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 618, VEWT 263, Ëåêñèêà 570, ÝÑÒß 6, 212-214. Cf. also *Kyla-gu 'blade' (VEWT 263, ÝÑÒß 6, 207-208). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Koc? | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"ram | face="Times New Roman Star"áàðàí | face="Times New Roman Star"qoc?qar, qoc?un|ar (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qoc?n|ar (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"koc?, koc?kar | face="Times New Roman Star"quc?qar (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qoc?, qoc?qar (AH, Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"g|o|c? (dial.), qo.c?qar | face="Times New Roman Star"qoc?qa(r), qos?qa(r) | face="Times New Roman Star"quz?g|ar | face="Times New Roman Star"Goc? | face="Times New Roman Star"Goc?, Goc?Gar |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qoc?qor | face="Times New Roman Star"Goc? |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qos?qar |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qoc?qor | face="Times New Roman Star"qos?qar | face="Times New Roman Star"qos?qar | face="Times New Roman Star"qus?qar | face="Times New Roman Star"qocxar | face="Times New Roman Star"qoc? | face="Times New Roman Star"qoc?, qoc?qar, qoc?xar | face="Times New Roman Star"g|os?, qos?qar | face="Times New Roman Star"qos?qor, qos?qur | face="Times New Roman Star"qoc?qar | face="Times New Roman Star"Ëåêñèêà 432, TMN 3, 539, 540-541, EDT 592, ÝÑÒß 6, 87-88. Turk. > Hung. kos, see Gombocz 1912; Russ. dial. koc?ko/r, koc?ka/r/, see Àíèêèí 308, 309. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kumyr- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"ant | face="Times New Roman Star"ìóðàâåé | face="Times New Roman Star"qumursg|a (OUygh.) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"komursg|a (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qyrmysqa | face="Times New Roman Star"qumursxa (Pav. C.), qumursug|a (AH) | face="Times New Roman Star"qumursqa |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"Gumursg|a | face="Times New Roman Star"xumusxa, xymysxa | face="Times New Roman Star"qymyrtas?, qumystas? | face="Times New Roman Star"qomursqa | face="Times New Roman Star"Gumurg|a:c? |
| face="Times New Roman Star"kymyrdag|as |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qymysqajaq |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qumursqa | face="Times New Roman Star"qumyrsqa | face="Times New Roman Star"qumyrsqa | face="Times New Roman Star"qymyrt|qa | face="Times New Roman Star"qumursxa, qumursqa, qumurc?xa |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qumurstqa, qumurstqu |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qumusqa, qomusq@n | face="Times New Roman Star"xomursg|a | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 628, VEWT 300, Ëåêñèêà 183-184, ÝÑÒß 6, 140-141. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kurum | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"soot | face="Times New Roman Star"ñàæà, êîïîòü |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qurun (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"kurum | face="Times New Roman Star"qorym | face="Times New Roman Star"qurum (AH) | face="Times New Roman Star"qurum | face="Times New Roman Star"qurum (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qorym, quryn | face="Times New Roman Star"Gurum | face="Times New Roman Star"Gurum | face="Times New Roman Star"xurun |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qurun | face="Times New Roman Star"Gurun | face="Times New Roman Star"xúrúm (Anatri) | face="Times New Roman Star"kurunn/uk |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qurum | face="Times New Roman Star"qurym | face="Times New Roman Star"qurym | face="Times New Roman Star"qorom | face="Times New Roman Star"qurum | face="Times New Roman Star"qurum | face="Times New Roman Star"qurum | face="Times New Roman Star"qurym |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qurum | face="Times New Roman Star"Ëåêñèêà 206, 371-372, EDT 661, ÝÑÒß 6, 169-170. Turk. > Hung. korom 'soot', see Gombocz 1912. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*adak | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"foot | face="Times New Roman Star"íîãà | face="Times New Roman Star"adaq (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ad|aq (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"ajak | face="Times New Roman Star"ajaq | face="Times New Roman Star"ajaq (Abush., Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"o|jo|q | face="Times New Roman Star"ajaq | face="Times New Roman Star"azaq | face="Times New Roman Star"ajaG | face="Times New Roman Star"ajaG | face="Times New Roman Star"azax | face="Times New Roman Star"azaq | face="Times New Roman Star"ad/aq | face="Times New Roman Star"hada:q, hadaq | face="Times New Roman Star"ora | face="Times New Roman Star"ataq | face="Times New Roman Star"atak | face="Times New Roman Star"adaq 'bottom part' | face="Times New Roman Star"adaq 'ñîøêè; íèæíÿÿ ÷àñòü' | face="Times New Roman Star"ajaq | face="Times New Roman Star"ajaq | face="Times New Roman Star"ajaq | face="Times New Roman Star"ajaq | face="Times New Roman Star"ajaq | face="Times New Roman Star"ajaq | face="Times New Roman Star"ajax | face="Times New Roman Star"ajaq | face="Times New Roman Star"aja(:)x| | face="Times New Roman Star"ajaq | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 5, EDT 45, ÝÑÒß 1, 103-105, Ëåêñèêà 288, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 283, Stachowski 38. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ady-r- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to separate | face="Times New Roman Star"îòäåëÿòü | face="Times New Roman Star"adyr- (Orkh., OUygh.); adyn (OUygh.) 'other' | face="Times New Roman Star"ad|yr- (MK); ad|yn (MK) 'other' | face="Times New Roman Star"ajyr- | face="Times New Roman Star"ajyr- | face="Times New Roman Star"ajyr- (Abush.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ajir- | face="Times New Roman Star"ajra-, ajri- (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"azyr- | face="Times New Roman Star"ajyr- | face="Times New Roman Star"ajyr- | face="Times New Roman Star"azyr- | face="Times New Roman Star"azyr- | face="Times New Roman Star"ajry- | face="Times New Roman Star"hadru-, hadur- | face="Times New Roman Star"ojúr- | face="Times New Roman Star"atyr-; atyn 'other' | face="Times New Roman Star"atyn 'other' | face="Times New Roman Star"adyr- | face="Times New Roman Star"adyr- | face="Times New Roman Star"ajyr- | face="Times New Roman Star"ajyr- | face="Times New Roman Star"ajyr- | face="Times New Roman Star"ajyr- | face="Times New Roman Star"ajyr- | face="Times New Roman Star"ajyr- | face="Times New Roman Star"ajyr- | face="Times New Roman Star"ajyr- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ajyr- | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 6, EDT 60, 66-67, ÝÑÒß 1, 93, 114-116, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 270, Stachowski 39. Turk. > MMo, WMong. az?|ira- (see Ùåðáàê 1997, 94), whence again Uzb. az?|ra- etc. (see ÝÑÒß ibid.). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*y, *y-(n/)gac? | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"tree | face="Times New Roman Star"1 äåðåâî 2 ëåñ | face="Times New Roman Star"yg|ac? (Orkh., OUygh.) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"jyg|ac? (MK) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ag|ac? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ag|ac? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ag|az?| (Pav. C.) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"jo|g|o|c? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"jag|ac? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"jig|as? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ag|ac? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"aGac? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ag|as 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ag|as? 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ag|as? 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"hag|ac? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"jyvús/ 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"mas 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"mas 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"y jas? 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"n/e|s? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"z?|yg|ac? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ag|as? 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ag|as 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ag|as 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ag|ac? 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"a:c? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ag|ac?, -c 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ag|as? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ag|ac?, -s? 1 (ÑÑß) | face="Times New Roman Star"ag|ac? 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 7, ÝÑÒß 1, 71-73, TMN 2, 73f, EDT 79-80, Åãîðîâ 83, Ëåêñèêà 104, Stachowski 176. The form contains perhaps PT *y 'bush, tree' as the first component (for OT y see EDT 1), cf. the OT combination y yg|ac?; but the second element is yet unclear. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*an/ar/ | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"clear sky; frost | face="Times New Roman Star"ÿñíîå íåáî; ìîðîç | face="Times New Roman Star"ajaz (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ajas (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"ajaz | face="Times New Roman Star"ajaz | face="Times New Roman Star"ajaz (Sangl.), ajaz, ajas (CCum.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ajo|z | face="Times New Roman Star"ajaz | face="Times New Roman Star"ajas | face="Times New Roman Star"ajaz | face="Times New Roman Star"ajaz | face="Times New Roman Star"ajas | face="Times New Roman Star"ajas | face="Times New Roman Star"ajas; ajyz (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"haja:z | face="Times New Roman Star"ojar |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ajas |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ajaz | face="Times New Roman Star"ajaz | face="Times New Roman Star"ajaz | face="Times New Roman Star"ajad| | face="Times New Roman Star"ajaz | face="Times New Roman Star"ajaz | face="Times New Roman Star"ajaz/s |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ajaz | face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 1, 102-3; VEWT 11; TMN 2, 170; Ëåêñèêà 13, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 298. A different suffixation is seen in Tur. (dial.) ajam, Kaz., Kirgh. ajyq 'clear (weather'). A derivative *an/-gyr/- (pointing to original *-n/-) is found in Kaz. an|yzaq, Turkm. an|zaq 'cold with dry wind' (see ÝÑÒß ibid.). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*a:la | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"variegated | face="Times New Roman Star"ïåñòðûé | face="Times New Roman Star"ala (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ala (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"ala | face="Times New Roman Star"ala | face="Times New Roman Star"ala | face="Times New Roman Star"o|la | face="Times New Roman Star"ala | face="Times New Roman Star"ala | face="Times New Roman Star"ala | face="Times New Roman Star"a:la | face="Times New Roman Star"ala | face="Times New Roman Star"ala | face="Times New Roman Star"ala | face="Times New Roman Star"hala-bula | face="Times New Roman Star"ola | face="Times New Roman Star"ala |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ala | face="Times New Roman Star"ala | face="Times New Roman Star"ala | face="Times New Roman Star"ala | face="Times New Roman Star"ala | face="Times New Roman Star"ala | face="Times New Roman Star"ala | face="Times New Roman Star"ala-z?|a | face="Times New Roman Star"ala | face="Times New Roman Star"ala | face="Times New Roman Star"ala | face="Times New Roman Star"ala | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 126, VEWT 15, ÝÑÒß 1, 129-130, TMN 2, 95-97, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 274, Ëåêñèêà 607. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ark | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"excrement | face="Times New Roman Star"íàâîç, ýêñêðåìåíòû |
| face="Times New Roman Star"arq (MK) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"Kypch. arq (Houts.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"arq (À-Á) | face="Times New Roman Star"aryx |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"harq |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 213, VEWT 26. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*a:.r- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to be tired, exhausted 2 to become lean | face="Times New Roman Star"1 óñòàâàòü 2 õóäåòü | face="Times New Roman Star"ar- (Orkh., OUygh.) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ar- (MK, KB) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ar- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ar- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ar- (Sangl., Abush., Pav. C., AH, Qutb, IM) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ho|ri- 1, (Khor.) ha:r- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ar- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"aryG (Adj.) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"a:r- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ar- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ar- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ary- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"harqa:n, harqan (Ger.) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"yr- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"y:r- 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ar- 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ary- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ary- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ary- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ary- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ary- 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"hary- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ary- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 22, ÝÑÒß 1, 160-162, EDT 193, Åãîðîâ 343. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*a>m- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 gentle, quiet 2 to love, desire, rejoice 3 politeness 4 beloved 5 to be quiet | face="Times New Roman Star"1 òèõèé, ñïîêîéíûé 2 ëþáèòü, ðàäîâàòüñÿ 3 âåæëèâîñòü 4 ìèëûé, ëþáèìûé 5 áûòü ñïîêîéíûì | face="Times New Roman Star"amul, amyl 1, amraq 4, amyr-, amran- 2, amryl- 5 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"amul 1, amraq 4, amyrt- 'to calm', amryl- 5 (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"ymyl, umul 1 (dial.) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ymrag| 4 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"amraq 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"amyr 1, amyra- 5 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"amyr 1, amyra- 5 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"amyr 1, amyra- 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"havul 'good' (?) | face="Times New Roman Star"úw|múw|r 'quiet and grey (weather)' | face="Times New Roman Star"amarax, amyrax 'compassionate' | face="Times New Roman Star"amarak 'compassionate' | face="Times New Roman Star"amyr 1, amyra- 2, amyraq 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"amyz 'honour' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"amyr 'desire' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"amraq 'disposition, aptitude' | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 160-161, 162-163, 164, VEWT 19, ÝÑÒß 1, 59-60 (confused with abra- 'to save' < Mong.), Stachowski 33, TMN 2, 125, Ôåäîòîâ 1, 82. Turk. > MMong. amrax| 'sweetheart', amurag| 'friend' (IM), amraq bol- 'to fall in love' (MA), amara- 'sich lieben', amarah 'Liebe' (SH), Mgr amurag| 'friend' (Òîä. Ìãð. 314) etc.; but modern Kypchak and Siberian forms may be reborrowed < Mong. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*A:r/ | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"few, a little | face="Times New Roman Star"íåìíîãî | face="Times New Roman Star"az (Orkh. ÏÌÊ, OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"az (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"az | face="Times New Roman Star"az, e|z |
| face="Times New Roman Star"o|z | face="Times New Roman Star"az | face="Times New Roman Star"az | face="Times New Roman Star"az | face="Times New Roman Star"a:z | face="Times New Roman Star"as | face="Times New Roman Star"as | face="Times New Roman Star"as | face="Times New Roman Star"ha`z |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"as |
| face="Times New Roman Star"az | face="Times New Roman Star"az | face="Times New Roman Star"az | face="Times New Roman Star"ad|, a"d| | face="Times New Roman Star"az | face="Times New Roman Star"az | face="Times New Roman Star"az | face="Times New Roman Star"az |
| face="Times New Roman Star"az | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 277, VEWT 32, ÝÑÒß 1, 93-94 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ia:c?y-g | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"bitter, acid | face="Times New Roman Star"ãîðüêèé, êèñëûé | face="Times New Roman Star"ac?yg| (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ac?yg| (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"az?|y | face="Times New Roman Star"ac?y | face="Times New Roman Star"ac?y (Abush.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ac?c?i, o|c?c?i (dial.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"az?|y | face="Times New Roman Star"a:z?|y, a:z?|yg| |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ac?u | face="Times New Roman Star"ha:c?ug|, ha:c?uq | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"z/@ | face="Times New Roman Star"ahy: | face="Times New Roman Star"ahy: | face="Times New Roman Star"az?yg| | face="Times New Roman Star"az?|yg| |
| face="Times New Roman Star"as?s?y | face="Times New Roman Star"as?y | face="Times New Roman Star"asy | face="Times New Roman Star"ac?y | face="Times New Roman Star"az?|i | face="Times New Roman Star"az?|y, ac?y | face="Times New Roman Star"as?s?y | face="Times New Roman Star"a:z?|y | face="Times New Roman Star"ac?c?y | face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 1, 89-93, Åãîðîâ 82, Ìóäðàê 115, Stachowski 30. In most languages also attested as a verbal stem *ia:c?y- 'to become bitter, sour'. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ia:g-, *ia:g-na- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to roll over, fall over 2 to climb over 3 to tumble 4 to turn over, capsize, let fall | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ïàäàòü, îïðîêèäûâàòüñÿ, ñâåøèâàòüñÿ 2 ïåðåëåçàòü 3 âàëÿòüñÿ, ïåðåêàòûâàòüñÿ 4 ðîíÿòü, îïðîêèäûâàòü | face="Times New Roman Star"ag|na- 3 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ag|na- 3 (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"ag|- 1, ag|dyr- 2, ag|yn- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"aw- 1, awdar- 4, awna- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"ag|na- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"o|g|- 1, o|g|na- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"ag|- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ag|yna- 3 (ßÆÓ 11) | face="Times New Roman Star"ag|na- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"a:g|- 1, 2, a:g|-dar- 4, a:g|yna- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"an|-dar- 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"an|-dar- 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"an|-tar- 4, an|-da- (<*an|-na-) 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"ha:g|a, ho|:g|a 'back, in the back' | face="Times New Roman Star"júw|van- 1, 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"a:n|-na- 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"an|da-r- 4, an|da-s?- 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"o:- 1, o:na- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"aw-dar- 4, awna- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"av- 1, av-dar- 4, avna- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"aw- 1, awdar- 4, awna- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"aw- 1, 2, aw-la- 'to skim', awdar- 4, awna- 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"avdar- 4, av-g|a-la-n- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"aw- 1, 2, awdar- 4, awna- 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"av- 1, avdar- 4, av-la-n- 'to turn over, incline', avna- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 86-87, VEWT 7, ÝÑÒß 1, 69-70, 73-76. Forms like an|-dar- are not quite clear - caus. from the refl. *ia:g-yn- ? (but the refl. form is here not *ia:g-yn- but rather *ia:g-na-). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*a:n/(k) | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"moon, month | face="Times New Roman Star"ëóíà, ìåñÿö | face="Times New Roman Star"aj (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"aj (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"aj | face="Times New Roman Star"aj | face="Times New Roman Star"aj; an/ (CCum.) | face="Times New Roman Star"o|j | face="Times New Roman Star"aj | face="Times New Roman Star"aj | face="Times New Roman Star"aj | face="Times New Roman Star"a:j | face="Times New Roman Star"aj | face="Times New Roman Star"aj | face="Times New Roman Star"aj | face="Times New Roman Star"ha:j | face="Times New Roman Star"ojúx | face="Times New Roman Star"yj | face="Times New Roman Star"yj 'month' | face="Times New Roman Star"aj | face="Times New Roman Star"aj | face="Times New Roman Star"aj | face="Times New Roman Star"aj | face="Times New Roman Star"aj | face="Times New Roman Star"aj | face="Times New Roman Star"aj | face="Times New Roman Star"aj | face="Times New Roman Star"aj | face="Times New Roman Star"aj | face="Times New Roman Star"aj | face="Times New Roman Star"aj | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 10, TMN 2, 169, EDT 265, ÝÑÒß 1, 98-99 (see there on the reasons of reconstructing *-n/), Ìóäðàê Äèññ. 178, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 271, Ëåêñèêà 55, 76-77, Stachowski 258. |
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,tur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